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Objective To analyze the chemical compounds of Shenqi Dihuang decoction by the ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with linear quadrupole ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS). Methods Warters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 (2.1 mm ×100 mm, 1.8 μm) was used as chromatographic column with mobile phase: 0.1% formic acid water (A)-0.1% formic acid acetonitrile (B) with gradient elution, and flow rate was 0.3 ml/min. Electrospray ion source (ESI) and an electrostatic field orbital ion trap mass analyzer were adopted, which was used to collect mass spectrometry fragment information with positive and negative ion modes, by comparing with the relative retention time of the reference substance. In addition, the fragment information of the mass spectrum was used to identify the compounds. The accurate identification of the chemical components in Shenqi Dihuang decoction was confirmed with literature. Results The study found that UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS technology could be used to identify 62 chemical components, including 13 aromatic acids, 9 flavonoids, 8 saponins, and 5 aromatic amines, 3 keto acids, 2 phenols, 1 aromatic quinone and other ingredients in Shenqi Dihuang decoction. Conclusion The identification analysis method in this study was efficient and accurate, which could be applied to the identification and analysis of chemical components in Shenqi Dihuang decoction and provided the important experimental data for the research on the material basis and mechanism.
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There are few reports on the study of extraperitoneal robotic single-port laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in China. In this study, patients with localized prostate cancer were treated with extraperitoneal robotic single-port laparoscopic radical prostatectomy extraperitoneal robot-assisted single-port laparoscopic radical prostatectomy(EpRA-spRP)from April 2019 to June 2019.All patients performed EpRA-spRP successfully without adding additional auxiliary port. The operation time and blood loss were controllable, and hospitalization time was short. It is safe and feasible to perform EpRA-spRP for medium and low-risk prostate cancer. The short-term tumor control and functional recovery are satisfactory.However, the long-term effect needs further follow-up and observation.
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Objective:To assess the safety and feasibility of single-port robotic radical cystectomy.Methods:During May 2019 and August 2019, nine patients (8 males, 1 female) received single-port robotic radical cystectomy by the same surgeon. The average age was 65.6(56-78)years. After a 4.5-5.5 cm trans-umbilical incision was made, Lagiport was inserted. Da Vinci Si system 1 #, 2 # arms and 30° lens were applied. Radical cystectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy were performed without additional ports. Urinary diversion was completed outside the body. Uterus and vaginal anterior walls were also resected for female patient. Results:All 9 surgeries were successfully conducted without additional ports or conversion to laparoscopic and open surgery. The average operation time was 437.8(280-600)min. Urinary diversion methods included 2 orthotopic ileal neobladder, 5 ideal conduit and 2 cutaneous ureterostomy. Average estimated blood loss was 227.8(100-450)ml, without blood transfusion. Average intestinal recovery time was 3.1(2-4)days, drainage duration was 8.3(3-16) days, and postoperative hospital stays was 7.7(6-13) days. Pathological TNM stage: T 2aN 0M 0 6 cases, T 2bN 0M 0 1 case, T 3aN 3M 0 1 case, T isN 0M 0 1 case. All surgical margins were negative. One bowel obstruction was cured with fasting and indwelling gastric tube. During 9-12 months’ follow-up, no tumor recurrence and metastasis were observed. There was no hydronephrosis or ureterostenosis. All surgical incision healed well. Conclusions:For experienced surgeons, single-port robotic radical cystectomy is safe and feasible with small incision and fast recovery. Short-term clinical result is satisfied.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of curcumin on the implant osseointegration in the rats with osteoporosis, and to clarify its mechanism.Methods:A total of 45 rats were randomly divided into control group (screw implant), model group (osteoporosis model + screw implant) and curcumin group (osteoporosis model + screw implant + curcumin treatment), with 15 rats in each group. The micro-CT was used to examine the relative bone volume fraction (BV/TV), average bone trabecular thickness (Tb. Th), trabecular space (Tb.Sp), average bone trabecular number (Tb.N),osseointegration index(OI) of the bone tissue around the implants of the rats in various groups; methylene blue-basic fuchsin staining was used to examine the morphology of bone tissue;the bone contact rate and the bone mass in cancellous bone area were calculated. The torque tester was used to measure the implant dislocation torque.Results:Compared with control group, the BV/TV, Tb.Th, Tb.N, OI,the bone contact rates,the bone mass in cancellous bone area,and the dislocation torque of bone interface around the implants of the rats in model group and curcumin group were significantly decreased (P<0.01), while Tb.Sp in model group and curcumin group were significantly increased (P<0.01). Compared with model group, the BV/TV, Tb.Th, Tb.N, OI, the bone contact rate, the bone mass in cancellous bone area,and the dislocation torque of bone interface around the implants of the rats in curcumin group were increased (P<0.01),while Tb.Sp was significantly decreased (P<0.01). In control group, the bonding of implant and bone was close, and the bone plate and trabeculae at the bonding interface of implant and bone were thicker and denser. In model group, the bone plate at the bonding interface of implant and bone was thin and the trabecular bone was sparse. In curcumin group, the bone plate and trabeculae at bonding interface of the implant and bone of the rats were thicker and denser.Conclusion:Curcumin can promote the implant healing, improve the implant and bone bonding strength and increase the implant stability in the osteoporosis rats.
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Objective@#To analyze the mental health status of clinical medical standardized training graduate students (referred to as: graduate students).@*Methods@#Through the online questionnaire, the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90), adult psychological stress scale, and occupational satisfaction were used to compare the first affiliated hospital of Bengbu Medical College from January 2018 to June 2019. 498 graduate students of the Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College and the Third People’s Hospital of Bengbu City, and 420 medical non-regular graduate students conducted a survey on the status of psychological stress and statistical analysis of the results.@*Results@#The psychological stress of graduate students(40.28±10.43) was significantly higher than that of non-regular graduate students(36.95±5.13)， and the psychological stress of male students(41.75±11.17) in medical disciplines was significantly higher than that of female students(38.81±9.43). The difference was statistically significant(t=2.44，3.16，P<0.05); There was no significant difference in the occupational satisfaction scores between the two groups(t=1.94，1.27，P>0.05). The SCL-90 factor evaluation results of graduate students were significantly higher than those of non-regular graduate students. The scores of depression, anxiety and terror factor of male students in the graduate students were significantly higher than those of girls, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The mental health status of postgraduates in clinical medicine is generally poor, and the mental health of boys is worse than that of girls.
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BACKGROUND:The effects of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on osteoclast-induced bone resorption is controversial and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Most of the studies indicate that AGEs can enhance bone resorption, while some othersshowthe opposite effects. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of AGEs on osteoclast-induced inorganicmatrixdissolution and organic componentdegradation and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS:RAW 264.7 cels were induced to generate osteoclasts,and AGEs (50-400 μg/mL) or control-bovine serum albumin (100 μg/mL) was added since the beginning of the induction. The effect of AGEs on bone resorption was evaluated by analyzing the area of resorption pits on the Osteo Assay Surface plates and the expression of cathepsin K. Furthermore, the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated cels, nuclei per osteoclasts and the expression of integrinανβ3were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The area of resorption pits and expression of cathepsin K in AGEs groups were significantly decreased compared withthecontrol group, and this inhibiting effect became more obvious with the increase of AGEs concentration. TRAP staining also showed that number of TRAP-positivemultinucleated celsand nuclei per osteoclast were significantly reduced in an AGE dose-dependent manner. Quantitative PCR revealed that the expression of integrin ανβ3decreased significantly with the extension of AGEs incubation time. These data indicate that AGEs can exert inhibitory effects on organic and inorganicmatrixdegradation induced by osteoclasts. The underlying mechanism may be involved in the inhibitory effects of AGEs on directed differentiation and cel fusion of osteoclast precursor cels, and migration and adhension of osteoclasts.
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Obgective To investigate the impact of different ways and doses of recombinant human interferon o1b(rhIFN-α1b) on antiviral effect on respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)-effected mice and signal pathway of JAK/ STAT.Methods Forty-eight mice were divided randomly into 6 groups,negative control group,RSV-infection model group,12.5,25.0,50.0 μg rhIFN-α1 b atomization inhalation of intervention group,and 12.5 μg rhIFN-α 1 b injection of intervention group.After continuous drug therapy for 5 days,the left lung tissues of mice were aseptically dissected in the sixth day.Then it were observed lung tissue pathology changes by optical microscope,and expression of STAT1 and STAT2 protein with laser scanning confocal microscopy.Results It was observed that RSV-infection model mice's lungs had significant inflammatory injury under light microscope.After treatments of rhIFN-α 1b,it showed that the mice lung tissue had recovery of inflammation on different degrees.The group of inhaled rhIFN-o1b 50.0 μg was damaged on lightest degree.There were statistically significant differences between each group (all P ＜ 0.05).The expression of STAT1 and STAT2 protein in RSV-infection model mice's lungs decreased remarkably under fluorescene microscopy.Treatments of rhIFN-α 1b increased the expression of STAT1 and STAT2 inhibited by RSV-infection.The expression of STAT1 and STAT2 protein of the inhaled rhIFN-α1b 50.0 μg group increased significantly.The differences between groups were statistically significant(all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions rhIFN-α 1 b played an important role in anti-RSV effects,simultaneously,it could improve the activity of JAK/STAT signal pathway inhibited by RSV-infection.The treatment effect of rhIFN-α 1b deliveried by atomization inhalation was better than that of intraperitoneal injection.And curative effect is proportional to the atomization inhalation dose within a certain range.
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Objective To construct MIA3 psicheck2 wild-type and mutant vectors targeting miR-374b,and provide the previous guarantee for the dual luciferase reporter assay.Methods The amplification primer was firstly designed according to mice MIA3-3'UTR sequence information,mice whole blood genomic DNA was taken as the template for PCR amplification of MIA3-3'UTR sequence,and the PCR product was cloned into psicheck2 dual luciferase reporter vector.Then,mutant primer was designed to mutate the MiR-374b seed sequence target TATTATA into AAATTAT so as to construct mutant vector.At last,the vector enzyme digestion evaluation and sequencing method was used to evaluate the constructed vectors.Results It could be seen from the analysis of agarose electrophoresis that the PCR amplification size of vector was consistent with the theoretical size.DNA sequencing evaluation showed that the MIA3-3'UTR-WT vector had been constructed successfully.The construction of mutant vector has successfully mutated the MiR-374b seed sequence target TATTATA into AAATTAT.Conclusion The successful construction of the vector will lay a foundation for the further evaluation on whether there is an actual binding site between the miR-374b and the chondrogenic differentiation-related target gene MIA3.
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10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.26.004
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Objective To explore the surgical treatment of ankle fracture.Methods 326 cases with ankle joint fracture in our hospital treated by surgical treatment were followed up.There were 182 males and 43 females,aged from 7 ～ 75 years.The patients with medial malleolus fracture were cut through postero-medial process,and the lagged screw,absorbed screw,or tension band wire were used.Patients with bimalleolus and trimalleolus fracture were cut through medial and lateral two incision.When the fracture line of the fibula is high,the triangular needle,kirschner wire,plate and the screw,remember alloy were used,when the fracture line of the fibula was high,1 ～ 2 cortical or cancellous bone lagged screw were used.The patients with diastasis of inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis were cut through lateral process,1 lagged screw was used through 3 layer cortical bone.After the operation,the plaster or brace was used according to the stability of the fracture,then systemic functional exercises.Results All the patients were followed up from 4 ～ 120 months,according to the ankle-hind foot score of American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society Score(AOFAS),their clinical treatment results were assessed.In 225 cases,excellent and good rate was 86.7％.Connclusion Proper approach,anatomy reduction,articular surface recovery to smooth,stable internal fixation,necessary external fixation and systemic rehabilitation were the key aspects to the surgical treatment.Good result of most of the patients with fracture of the ankle joint can be obtained.
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Objective To report the modified liver mobilization technique in management of renal cell carcinoma with intrahepatic inferior vena cava thrombus. Methods 10 cases (7 men and 3 women at the average age of 49 years) of renal cell carcinoma with intrahepatic inferior vena cavs thrombus were reviewed.The operations were carried by using father clamp to control inferior vena cava,combined with hepatic portal blocking. Results There was no postoperative complication.The average blood loss was 800 ml.The mean hospital stay was 13 days.The time of follow-up ranged from 1 to 48 months. Conclusions The technique of using father clamp to control suprahepatic inferior vena cava combined with hepatic portal blocking is feasible for the treatment of the renal cell carcinoma with intrahepatic inferior vena cava thromhosis.
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Objective To investigate the expression of OPN, α-SMA, E-cadherin and their correlation in the chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) rat model, and to explore the possible role of OPN in CAN.Methods Orthotopic renal-transplantation using Fisher rats as donors and Lewis rats as recipients was done to establish CAN group, and Lewis to Lewis rats as control group. Rats in each group were sacrificed 12 weeks after the surgery. Blood and urine were collected for further test. Allograft samples were collected and sectioned for HE, Sirus-red staining, immunohistochemistry and Western blot.Results There were CAN morphological changes of the allograft in CAN group. As compared with control group, immunohistochemistry and Western blot revealed that the expression of OPN and α-SMA in CAN group was significantly increased, and that of E-Cadherin reduced. Its trend was correlated with the inflammatory response and the EMT of tubule epithelial cells.Conclusions OPN expression in rat CAN model is significantly up-regulated. OPN may play a role in CAN. OPN might affect the CAN by promoting EMT of tubule epithelial cells.
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BACKGROUND: Adequate preparation of donors and recipients prior to living-related donor renal transplantation, short warm and cold ischemia time for donor kidney, good histocompatibility of human leukocyte antigen match, and low postoperative rejection incidence provide feasibility for use of low-dose immunosuppressive agents after living-related donor renal transplantation. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the safety and effectiveness of low-dose calcineurin inhibitors (CNI), an immunosuppressive agent, in living-related donor renal transplantation. METHODS: A total of 38 recipients who underwent living-related donor renal transplantation at the Center of Renal Transplantation of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2006 to June 2008 were randomized for treatment with mycophenolate mofetil (750 mg twice a day), prednisone, and either standard-dose CNI (n=18) or low-dose CNI (n=20) during 12 months post-transplantation. Ciclosporin A was given orally (starting dose, 6 and 4 mg/kg per day, respectively) in two divided doses to achieve the 12-hour whole blood concentration as measured by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. The starting dose of tacrolimus was 0.12 and 0.08 mg/kg per day respectively, and its whole blood concentration was measured by enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique. After transplantation, patients were followed up. Renal function, pulmonary infection, liver dysfunction, and CNI nephrotoxicity at different time periods were compared between different regimens. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: During 12 months post-transplantation, patient death occurred in one of 18 patients (5.6%) in the CNI standard-dose group and none of 20 patients (0%) in the CNI low-dose group. There was no significant difference in renal function and acute rejection between CNI standard-dose and CNI low-dose groups (P > 0.05). The incidence of liver dysfunction and CNI nephrotoxicity was significantly lower in the CNI low-dose group than in the CNI standard-dose group (P < 0.05). In addition, a low-dose CNI regimen helped recipients to lessen the economic burdens. These findings indicate that it is effective, safe and economical to use a low-dose CNI regimen in living-related donor renal transplantation.
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Objective To study the effect of tranilast on cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human renal tubular epithelial cells, and investigate the mechanism of its antifibrotic effect. Methods Cultured HK-2 cells were divided into four groups: (1)In the control group, cells were treated without any medicine; (2) The cell were treated with CsA (4. 2μmol/L) for 72 h; (3) The cells were treated with a combination of CsA (4. 2 μmol/L) and tranilast (100μmol/L); (4) The cells were treated with tranilast (100 μmol/L) alone for 72 h.Morphological changes of the cells were assessed by phase-contrast microscopy. The immunofluorescence and Western blotting were adopted to detect the expression of E-cadherin, α-SMA and OPN mRNA and proteins respectively. Results Tranilast could markedly ameliorate the morphological changes of HK-2 cells stimulated by CsA. The irmmunofluorescence staining revealed the expression of E-cadherin was markedly decreased in HK-2 cells stimulated with CsA for 72 as compared with the control group, while the expression of α-SMA and OPN was significantly higher in CsA group than the control group. The expression of E-cadherin in the CsA + Tranilast group was higher than the CsA group, while the expression of α-SMA and OPN in the CsA + Tranilast group was lower than the CsA group. Western blotting showed that protein expression level of E-cadherin in CsA group was dramatically lower than that in the control group (P＜0. 05), while that of α-SMA and OPN in CsA group was significantly higher than in the control group (P＜0.05). The protein expression level of E-cadherin in HK-2 cells in the CsA + Tranilast group was markedly higher than in the CsA group (P＜0.05), and that of α-SMA and OPN in CsA + Tranilast group was significantly lower than in the CsA group (P＜0. 05). Conclusion Tranilast can block the CsA-induced epithelialto-mesenchymal transition in HK-2 cells probably by suppressing the expression of OPN.
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ObjectiveTo establish a new biomechanical test for evaluating biomechanical properties of femoral metaphysis in ovariectomized rats.MethodsTwenty-five-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into ovariectomized (OVX) group and the sham-operated (Sham) group (n=10).Twelve weeks after operation,femur BMD and histomorphometry of distal femur were detected.Furthermore,femur biomechanical parameters were determined by diaphysis three-point bending test and a new designed metaphysis bending test.The relationships between the biomechanical parameters and BMD or bone histomorphometry were assessed with Pearson correlations.ResultsThe femur BMD,bone histomorphometrical indexes(％Th.Ar,Tb.N,Tb.Th),and biomechanical parameters(maximum load,yield load and stiffness) of OVX group significantly decreased compared with Sham group.In metaphysis bending test,the mean difference of the maximum load(Fmax),yield load(Fy) between group OVX and Sham were significant higher than that in diaphysis three-point bending test.Positive correlations between biomechanical parameters and femur BMD or bone histomorphometry indexes were observed in both the diaphysis bending and metaphysis bending test.The biomechanical parameters in the metaphysis bending test showed stronger correlations with BMD and bone.ConclusionFemur metaphysis bending test could be used to evaluate the biomechanical properties of osteoporosis.When compared with diaphysis bending test,femur metaphysis bending test is more sensitive in evaluating the change of biomechanical properties of femur in osteoporotic rats.
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Objective To discuss the effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in modulating immune responses in a rat renal transplantation model.Methods An in vivo trial of cytology was performed in one centre from March to December in 2008.Wistar rat donors and Lewis rat recipients in a renal transplantation model were randomly divided into 4 groups:MSCs (low dose,1 × 106 )therapy,MSCs (high dose,1 × 107) therapy,CsA monotherapy,and no therapy.Biochemistry methods were used to detect the levels of creatinine in serum.The survival time,renal grafting function and pathological changes of transplanted renal tissues were observed.Results Animal survival was significantly prolonged by MSCs (high dose) therapy and CsA monotherapy as compared with the no therapy group (both P＜0.01).Animal survival in the MSCs (low dose) therapy group was prolonged as compared with no therapy group (P＜0.01),but shortened as compared with MSCs (high dose) therapy group (P＜0.05) and CsA monotherapy group (P＜0.05).The MSCs (high dose) therapy and CsA therapy groups showed no special changes in histology,hut the control group showed acute rejection.Conclusion MSCs down-regulated immune responses,reduced production of some inflammatory mediators,preserved graft function in the initial stage after transplantation,and prolonged animal survival,and these effects were the same as those of CsA therapy with 1 × 107/day.
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Objective To evaluate the technique and efficacy of retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. Methods From June 2002 to December 2009, 113 cases of renal tumor received retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. The age ranged from 26 to 73 years. The tumor located in left side in 51 cases and right side in 62 cases with the mean diameter of 3.7 cm(1.2-6.3cm). During the procedure, the renal artery was separated and then clamped with bulldog. The renal parenchymal was incised with cold endoscissor and the tumor was totally removed. Pelvicalyceal repairing and parenchymal hemostasis were then performed. Renal defect closure was achieved with running suture or horizontal mattress suture. Results All the procedures were completed successfully.There was no open conversion. The mean operation time was 85 min(60- 125 min), the mean warm ischemic time was 24 min(19-43 min). The pathology studies revealed 87 cases of clear cell carcinoma, 9 cases of papillary renal cell carcinoma, 7 cases of chromophobe cell carcinoma, 6 cases of perivascular epithelioid renal cell tumor and 4 cases of renal oncocytoma. The surgical margin was negative in all cases. There was no complication of urine leakage. Gross hematuria occurred in 2 cases.During 3-41 months of following up, there was no recurrence. Conclusion Retroperitoneal laparo-scopic partial nephrectomy is safe and effective for the treatment of renal tumor, which becomes an alternative treatment to open procedure.
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BACKGROUND: Some studies in vitro have reported that there are CD30 positive T cells in immunological response of allogenic transplantation.OBJECTIVE: To detect the relationship between the level of serum CD30 (sCD30) and clinical rejection in the patients with or without kidney transplantation, and analyze the importance of sCD30 in the estimation of immune state, monitor of acute rejection, and judgment of prognosis. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Clinical case analysis study was performed at Jiangsu People's Hospital between April 2004 and March 2007. PARTICIPANTS: 153 kidney transplantation cases comprising 103 males and 50 females, averagely aged 37 years. METHODS: 3 mL peripheral blood was obtained from recipients before transplantation (without immunosuppressive agent) and at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Serum was isolated from obtained blood and placed at -20 ℃. Soluble CD30 levels were detected using CD30 cytokine ELISA kit supplied by BenderMedSystems. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The relation between the soluble CD30 levels and rejection prior to and following transplantation.RESULTS: There was a significant relation in the sCD30 level between the patients with (n=17) and without acute rejection (n=136). The CD30 levels were 113.2 U/mL in the rejection group and 83.2 U/mL in the non-injection group (P < 0.01). No significant difference was determined between both groups in 5 days following surgery (P > 0.05). Significant difference were detected between both groups from 5 days following surgery (P < 0.01). There was no relation between the soluble CD30 level and the time of rejection and release after kidney transplantation (P > 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve demonstrated that soluble CD30 levels on day 5 post-transplantation could predict acute rejection (area under ROC curve: 0.850). Meanwhile, 100 U/mL was the optimal operational cut-off level to predict rejection (specificity: 85.0%; sensitivity: 83.6%). The patients with positive of soluble CD30 level showed a lower survival rate than those with negative CD30 level (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The soluble CD30 levels contributed to predictive the acute rejection and prognosis of kidney transplantation.
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BACKGROUND: Epidural block(EB) is one of the effective and widely used remedies for lumbar disc herniation(LDH) . Animal experiments have been conducted to study the changes in the local tissue structure in the spinal canel after several treatments with EB.OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of EB for LDH on the local tissue structures in the spinal canel.DESIGN: A non-randomized and controlled clinical observation.PARTICIPANTS: Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Electron Microscope of an Affiliated Hospital of a University.SUBJECTS: Forty patients with LDP, who failed to respond to EB treatment and subsequently received discectomy in the Department of Orthopaedics,First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from May 1992 to December 1997, were enrolled in this study, with 20 patients receiving discectomy but not EB treatment serving as the control group.METHODS: From the 60 cases, totally 120 specimens of yellow ligament and the disc tissues were obtained during discectomy for optical microscopical examination. A portion of the yellow ligament and the lumbar disc tissues were chosen from EB group(12 cases) and non-EB group(10 cases), respectively, for electron microscope examination(involving altogether 44specimens) . The changes in histology and ultrastructnres in the specimens were compared between the two groups.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Main results: the reactive proliferation of the tunica adventitia and inflammatory reaction of the intervertebral disc and yellow ligament; ② Secondary results: changes in the ultrastructure of the anulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus and yellow ligament.RESULTS: No significant difference was found between the two groups either in light microscopy or electron microscopy in the degree of smoothness and the inflammatory reaction of the cavosurface of the yellow ligament and the disc tissues, nor in the cellular ultrastructures and fibrous arrangement.CONCLUSION: There is no direct relationship between lumbar EB and epidural scar adhesion formation. EB does not affect the ultrastructures of the local tissues in the spinal canal, but care must be taken of the sterilization in the surgical procedure, as chronic inflammatory reaction in the yellow ligament and disc tissues can be present in some patients.
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0.05). The scaffolds produced no effect on the cell proliferation and had a low cytotoxicity, with chondrocytes tiled and lots of microspikes and matrixes secreted on the surface. Conclusion: The PCL-b-PLLA scaffold has a good compatibility with cells and is suitable for cartilage tissue engineering.